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The Living Room General Current evolution or what is eugenics?
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Current evolution or what is eugenics?
Some research points to an increasing speed of human evolution in the last ten thousand years. The scientists who support this  point to the increasing competitiveness and coordination of sperm cells. At one time, they say, every sperm cell in a male's ejaculate raced toward the egg banking on luck to be the fertilizer. Today, 99% of sperm cells are specially designed to block, poison, and dismantle other men's sperm and to protect a minute fraction of the remaining percent. Although this simultaneous production of several types of sperm evolved before homo sapiens, there is documented evidence that the specialization has quickly become more acute in the last 10,000 years. So, if you exist, it's more likely that you were not the luckiest sperm, but the best.

Another example of recent human adaptation is the genetic mutation allowing humans to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk. 10,000 years ago almost every human would have been lactose intolerant and now we consider it a disorder. (As a sidenote, this adaptation occurred several times in several different and separated civilizations around the world as a result of the domestication of cattle suggesting that the convergence of cultural development can greatly vary evolutionary development.

But where does human adaptation and evolution stand today? Doesn't it seem that the historic and prehistoric forces of evolution seem defunct in today's human society where the traits we consider for selecting a mate no longer necessarily match nature's trajectory.

What does it mean to be "fit" today? Evolutionarily speaking. What attributes of a human being today are most desired to be passed down to progeny to guarantee their survival? Are physical attributes as important as cultural ones any more? Isn't it more likely that a child born into a family of money will fare better than one who is born into nothing? But no, I guess it's not that important because evolution doesn't care how they live as long as they do live. A poor child is evolutionarily the same as a rich one.

But is it not possible that the traits that make us most successful are no longer the physical ones but the cranial ones? If evolution exists today it exists more so at our own hands. Like lactose tolerance, humans now have more capabilities to force the hand of our evolution.

The last decade of science has shown us just where evolution might be heading. Scientists can now grow human tissue for implantation, such as ears, bladders, and even hearts. These organs are grown from the same genetic code as the recipient and therefore maximize compatibility and eliminate the need for a donor. Many scientists predict that, in the near future, it will be possible to grow any and every piece of organic material from limbs, to brains, to entire complex organisms.

The science is already underway in many fields including biology and robotics. But where does this leave evolution? As human beings pursue these technologies, we become the architects of future generations, and our designs are limited only by biological laws and our own ethical deliberation. It's not much of a leap of the imagination to this possible dystopic future. The evolution revolution will begin in wealthy modernized countries, but soon spread all over the globe because it is to the benefit of the humanity as a whole to improve every individual. As this technology develops, it is entirely reasonable to expect that genetic disorders will one day be eliminated, that handicap will be an affliction of the past, and that our destiny and composition will eventually be entirely in our own hands.

Where does evolution end and eugenics begin?
I love the question you've posed here, Patrick.

I don't think there's any getting around the fact that humans are taking over their own evolution.  For good or ill, who knows?
It used to scare me because I really don't think we're up to it yet.
It doesn't scare me anymore, it's happening.  We're just going to have to roll with it.

'But where does human adaptation and evolution stand today? Doesn't it seem that the historic and prehistoric forces of evolution seem defunct in today's human society where the traits we consider for selecting a mate no longer necessarily match nature's trajectory.'


The forces of evolution we knew in the good old days don't really apply anymore.
Mental and physical deficiencies are preserved by better health care, individuals who would've died before adulthood are passing their genes along.
On the other hand sperm banks of high IQ'd and physically superior specimens are available and being used.
This is true for humans, non-human animals and plants--DNA is being divided up and spread around to make designer everything.

Humans tinker with things, that's why we have cockapoos.
I hope we don't tinker ourselves into anything too grotesque--although maybe we already have.
Could you please cite your sources for sperm competition?

Blocking sperm (or in some cases the entire vaginal/cloacal/reproductive cavity) is a common adaptation in many male animals across different classes throughout the animal kingdom. I hadn't heard of it in people, though. For a fascinating discussion of this (and many other sexual strategies among animals), I recommend Olivia Judson's "Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to all Creation." It has a hilarious format, and she's an evolutionary Biology Ph.D. On another note, it's been proven that men release more sperm with sexual partners known to be promiscuous, as a way to better their chances in the face of increased competition.

As for eugenics, as well as technology counteracting evolutionary selection pressure... I've always wondered about that myself. I never came up with any good answers, though. I wonder if bad vision has already become much more common now that we aren't hunter-gatherers? Seems very likely.

With the right amount of awareness, money, and technology, humanity could eliminate disorders like Tay Sach's. It's an exciting time we live in...
Honestly, I don't care where evolution ends and eugenics begins. The important thing is not whether or not a course of action is eugenics; what's important is that it be ethical. A classic problem with old-fashioned forced-sterilization eugenics was the coercive nature of it, but that's not inherent to eugenics; for example, voluntarily aborting fetuses with thalassemia in Cyprus has all but eradicated the disease, and Israel has an even more extensive program to detect a range of inherited diseases. Nobody is forced to do anything, but most of them go along with the eugenics program voluntarily, and that's enough to make a statistical difference.
There's also the possibility that making genetic changes could result in unpleasant side-effects; improving one thing may hurt another thing, and that could be a problem. Of course, you've got to proceed a bit cautiously, and keep the best interests of the resulting babies in mind. But if such simple ethical guidelines are followed -- and I see no reason why they wouldn't be followed -- then why shouldn't we try our hand at non-coercive eugenics? Or "taking charge of human evolution," if you prefer to call it that.
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