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Study General Mathematics and modern life
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Mathematics and modern life
I was on a night flight recently, and out of idle curiosity I opened the shade and saw the stars. The intensity, the number of them was somewhat astonishing. (All pictures courtesy of the Hubble telescope.)



It reminded me of Garcia Lorca and the song of the earth. One thinks of stargazing as an antique phenomenon, but if the stars appeared this way to us we would doubtless feel the same urgency. What's strange, lifting up the blind on a long flight, is to see that they are there, but we have lost the ability to see them directly -- the usual things one might say here about the haze of modern life&what it obscures.

But every age comes with its puzzles and keys, and I think somehow (doubtless for very personal reasons) that mathematics is a way of letting the stars be visible again. What I mean is: the project to describe the physical universe in a way which lays out, with clarity, the structure of things which one doesn't exactly know how to see.

In this sense those intentionally colored pictures of planets and nebulae are a fairly accurate representation of what equations do: the way they bring things into visibility, give a certain orientation, put things in a certain relief, give us images which in some ways become iconic:


Of course, what one has to know how to do is both to see the picture which is thus created and also to learn to see otherwise -- to recognize it as a representation.
Hey Molly,

That's a great analogy to the nebulae. Living in New York it's easy to forget that there is a system to the cosmos and that the stars exist in communities just like we do, communities that are more tangible than a series of seemingly unrelated points. One of the most vivid memories I have of visiting Colorado is looking up into the night sky and actually seeing the Milky Way, before then I thought it was just a theoretical possibility not something that could ever be seen with the naked eye.

It's funny how as our picture of the night sky becomes more expansive and all-encompassing, it becomes prettier. It is when the individual stars give way to the nebulae that you begin to see the true colors of the universe in their resounding beauty. As our questions give way to answers, we add more pixels to our greater picture of understanding. And math is the means by which we can add those pixels.

What is most amazing to me about math is that it works. Though I still can't grasp this effectiveness, here is an interesting article that I had to read for a class once about the effectiveness of math to explain the natural world. (The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences by Eugene Wigner: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html

The paper begins with this pretty amazing quote by Bertrand Russell

Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty, a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture, without appeal to any part of our weaker nature, without the gorgeous trappings of painting or music, yet sublimely pure, and capable of a stern perfection such as only the greatest art can show. The true spirit of delight, the exaltation, the sense of being more than Man, which is the touchstone of the highest excellence, is to be found in mathematics as surely as in poetry.


I only recently became fascinated with math and unfortunately I gave it no import during high school so my practical knowledge is limited. As nerdy as it may sound I'm planning on picking out a math textbook and slowly working my way through. Does anyone find a particular type of math actually fun? My friend left behind a Calculus book that I started leafing through but I think I might find geometry more interesting.

 Is anyone here of the expertise that they could explain the different mathematical paths and their correspondence to the real world? For my part, if people are interested, I can explain as best I can the theoretical workings of fractals and chaos theory, a truly beautiful area of math that is visible in every tree, but really all of nature.

I look forward to a challenging discussion!

In response to Robin Layter
Hello Robin, if you are still around.

I enjoyed reading graph theory, esp. the proof  relating to the 7 bridges of Konigsberg. It's neat the way you develop concepts, prove some things, and then use that as a basis for further proofs. One good proof leading to another. I enjoyed for a while solving problems of change with differential equations. Mostly, I liked any concepts that gave me power to apprehend  the world. Survey it all to get the basic ideas. I personally lean toward  math in solving "real world" problems. Often you don't need to go real deep to get the important stuff, although I do think one should develop some expertise in one or more areas. Others will prescribe a more ordered course of studies, where x and y are the building stones for subject  z, and that's all true. But if you aren't studying things that really interest you I question the efficacy of relying too much on that approach. On the other hand, sometimes if you are given a tool, it's use may only become apparent to you  sometime in the future.
While in a library I saw a man come in to the check out desk and inquire something. He had a manner of walking, speaking, perusing a book, that was most unusual, gracious, old European gentlemanly, kindly   - I remember thinking- this is somebody really special. I attended a lecture given by this guy- Wigner- that evening. I don't recall the lecture, although I suppose it was on philosophical aspects of quantum mechanics, but I remember the man. Gee.
Hi Robin,
Thanks for the thoughts. First of all, just to clarify, I was giving math as an example among others; it seems to me from your reply that you understood this, but thought I should say so.

Second, then, on the subject of books -- you might take a look at Michael Spivak's Calculus, which is a book beloved by many for its interest and rigor.  (For a nonstandard approach there is a textbook of Keisler which he's now made available online, http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html. I haven't looked much at this but I would expect it to be well written and interesting.)

So the disclaimer is that in order to learn to read mathematics one has to in some ways learn to read from scratch. Not unlike those old optical illusions full of dots which resolve into a three-dimensional picture if you can see them in exactly the right way, math can't exactly be read linearly nor can it exactly be read at anything but the speed dictated by the text: you have to do the exercises, of course, but also to feel the weight of each word, to understand what its presence or absence means, what its precision is as a tool.

Of course afterwards the way you read the world is also different.
Books Discussed
The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, Books 1 and 2
by Thomas L. Heath; Euclid
Calculus
by Michael Spivak

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