Hi Solveig,
Crucial question. That's important in responding. It has a personal caste, so stated.
I'll try starting with a general principle. I believe that no profession or calling, no matter how compelling or demanding, is incompatible with raising a child well. Not perfectly, whatever that could mean. But well enough. When asking myself where that view came from, I'm immediately thrown into both Platonic and Aristotelian modes. (If this makes sense, great. If not, it's in honor of one of my buddies, who was my boss and co-teacher for 14 years, and now, at 80, still pours cement all day long and has become one of my dearest friends. He loved the P/A distinction, and taught it to me decades ago, along with countless freshmen. The first has to do with comparisons to the ideal, the second, with comparisons to the "real," i.e., the everyday world of experience.)
I'm now in Platonic mode. I can conceive that one could have sufficient love and attention and discipline that one could hold both one's work and one's child wisely and well. It depends so much on how one views oneself as one plays this out. If one is aware of the inherent difficulties (not impossibilities), but inherent strains in achieving such a difficult goal, one can make room for such difficulty, and make sure that one's work and one's child are honored. Not always simultaneously. In fact, simultaneity is impossible. It seems to have to do with moving one's attention around, over time, so that one is giving each what each wants or needs more or less sufficiently at a given moment. Please note that "failure" is inevitable. There are moments when the child or the work demand the same kind of devotion. But forget perfection. Failure is inherent in the story. Ideally (!), one shows one's child how devoted one can be to one's work, without costing the child too much. In fact, this lesson may be one of the valuable principles passed along from parent to child. Along with the notion that "failure" can be lived through, learned from, not a cause for remaining forlorn.
No doubt a lot of this will revolve around the nature of a given child, as well as the parent. The more resilient the child, the more likely he or she is to be able to live through the occasional deprivations of parenting that dog him. We are born with a genetic set of proclivities, and in Aristotle's world, these are among the most important to take into account.
Let's remain Aristotelian. That means looking around, and seeing how rare the above ideal actually is. So many well known practioners of various arts, from politics to fine art, seem to have been lousy parents. Usually it's the kids that suffer for the work. But the opposite is also well known, given the many people who have given up their callings in the service of families. Almost entirely women. (Though as childrearing grows in importance to modern fathers, the strain they're under begin to resemble women's.) It's so rare to find my ideal as stated above, that I seem in danger of positing an idea that won't hold up against the real. And yet. There are countless devotees of one sort or another who have raised decent kids. Even extraordinary kids.
And yet. First, it's all a matter of degree. There's no perfection here. And relatively speaking, I think it's my conception of human nature I must finally rest my case upon. While I can't claim to know anyone who exemplifies the ideal I've posited, I do have the usual experience that 68 year olds have in relation to human nature. Even if the ideal I'm positing is a very rare event, that doesn't mean it can't happen. So the question begins to delve into one's conception of what humans are capable of. Their human nature. And I can conceive, without too much trouble, the parent who both loves a child to bits, and loves her/his work to bits, and manages a balance such that neither suffers too much. Note I said, "suffers." This is part of the real. Suffering is part of growing up: perfection, even if one could conceive it, doesn't exist. Of course, the most common "real" course is that the child or the work comes out first. Such a balance is very rare. But that doesn't make it impossible.
Do you remember John Gunther's Death Be Not Proud? It's a memoir that used to be well known, about the death by brain tumor of a brilliant, and immensely kind, young man of about 16. There are innumerable instances in which young Johnny (the son) is deeply involved in his father's work, as playmate, as editor, as one who is involved. These are not perfect examples, but sufficient to help make the point.
I'm beginning to run out of response. Why does it feel as though I've said practically nothing. Uncanny. Maybe because it's too wordy. The whole Plato/Aristotle reference may be extra. I'll guess another part of the trouble is that a simple and clear "answer" isn't possible. We are reduced to speculation and wish, no matter how well informed we may be. There are hidden, or not so hidden, value judgments inherent in this subject, and I've tried to steer around them. I mean a response, not a book.
So that's my first glance at this "crucial question." I wonder if I had taken the reverse course. What would I have written then? Thanks for the ride, Solveig. I like these issues, upon which one can cut one's teeth.