Interesting links you found there Robin and that's a very topical question you posed Solveig about transforming our understanding of the world.
In my opinion and not intended as a copout answer, there won't be any single technological advancement that will transform society, but rather, it will be how all the new technologies overlap and access many different areas simultaneously. There is a good TED Talk from Juan Enriquez about how the new technologies will shape each other and work off each other in the future:
As discussed in
post the internet is the one thing shaping the direction of technology most. We're already seeing it shape our understanding of the world. I mean in just 15 years it has infiltrated every mode of society and we keep shoveling it more responsibility. The smart phone is its current manifestation and soon smart phones will be the only phones and they'll be completely necessary. We bank online, we can order food online, we work online, we play online. From year to year we're spending more and more time online.
Knowledge and information is so readily available that there is greater mobility for ideas and conversations and innovations. This website for example creates dialogue across the world and can enhance our own understanding of any single topic. Companies can now pool their information and artists can easily collaborate. The internet has fundamentally changed advancement itself. No longer are we always seeking the next thing down the line, the newer and better technology, now we are crisscrossing new technologies with other new ones. Top innovators aren't figuring out how to make their product the end all be all of the market, but they are making it so it will be whatever the consumer wants it to be. The internet has put power in the hands of the individual. No one person has the same smart phone. And that's the direction we're heading in, where every consumer product is marketed specifically for me, for Mark.
The internet doesn't have the potential to transform our understanding of the world, it already has. We've obviously always had the power to design our own lives, we were already our own personal architects before, the internet has just given us the best tools.